Zoneamento turístico em Áreas Naturais Protegidas: um diálogo entre conservação, oferta de atrativos e perfil da demanda ecoturística
Resumo
As Áreas Naturais Protegidas (ANP´s) apresentam vocações singulares para a prática do ecoturismo, suscitando a dialética entre as funções intrínsecas e utilitárias destes territórios e revelando preocupações com a conservação do acervo biótico e abiótico e com a sensibilidade do tecido social local. Em função dos impactos negativos provocados pelo turismo e a necessidade de estabelecer instrumentos que viabilizem na prática as premissas da sustentabilidade, advoga-se uma maior relevância quanto à aplicação de modelos de gestão do turismo em ANP’s. Neste sentido, o presente artigo realiza uma abordagem que aproxima a oferta de atrativos das ANP´s com diferentes perfis da demanda ecoturística, com o objetivo de apresentar uma proposta de Zoneamento turístico, tendo como estudo de caso o Parque Nacional da Serra de Itabaiana (PARNASI) no estado de Sergipe. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma metodologia de estudo descritivo, mediante a coleta de dados por entrevista e observação direta, além de pesquisa documental. A literatura apresenta diversas tipologias de perfis de ecoturistas e neste trabalho serão detalhados os estudos de Fernie que classificam a demanda ecoturística em Eco-Especialistas, Eco-Intermediários e Eco-Generalistas. Para estabelecer a correlação entre as atividades preferenciais destes perfis e Zoneamento turístico, foi utilizado o modelo ROS (Recreational Opportunity Spectrum). Encontram-se no PARNASI um conjunto de atrativos e infraestruturas, em Zonas específicas, que podem ser direcionados para perfis específicos como o Eco-Generalista, Eco-Intermediário e o Eco-Especialista e suas respectivas motivações para distintas atividades como picnics, contemplação, educação ambiental, caminhadas, esportes radicais, etc. Os resultados mostram o contributo potencial das estratégias de Zoneamento turístico para a conservação e melhoria da experiência turística, através da conciliação entre o perfil do ecoturista e a oferta de atrativos naturais das ANP´s.
ABSTRACT
The Protected Natural Areas (PNA's) have singular vocation for ecotourism, highlighting the dialectic between intrinsic and utilitarian functions of these territories and revealing concerns about the conservation of the biotic and abiotic collection in addition to the sensibilities associated to the social tissue from the autochthonous communities. Due to the negative impacts caused by tourism and the need for tools that put in practice the premises of sustainability, it´s important to defend a greatest relevance about the application of management models for tourism in PNA`s. In this sense, this paper develops an approach that converge the attractive offer from PNA`s with different profiles of ecotourism demand, with the aim to present a proposed tourist Zoning, as a case study with the National Park Serra de Itabaiana (PARNASI) in the state of Sergipe. For this purpose, we used a descriptive study methodology, data collection through interviews and direct observation, and also documentary research. The literature presents various types of ecotourist profiles and this work will detail the Fernie`s studies which ranks ecotourism demand in Eco-Experts, Eco-intermediates and Eco-generalists. To establish the correlation between the preferred activities of these profiles and tourist Zoning, it was used the Recreational Opportunity Spectrum (ROS). It´s found at PARNASI a set of attractive and infrastructure in specific areas, which can be targeted to specific profiles such as Eco-Generalist, Eco-Intermediate and Eco-Expert and their motivations for different activities as picnics, contemplation, environmental education, treckings, sports, etc. The results show the potential contribution of tourism Zoning strategies for the conservation and improvement of the tourism experience, through conciliation between the profile of the ecotourist demand with the supply of natural attractions of the NPA.
Keywords: Protected Natural Areas; Tourist Zoning; Ecotourist demand profile
ABSTRACT
The Protected Natural Areas (PNA's) have singular vocation for ecotourism, highlighting the dialectic between intrinsic and utilitarian functions of these territories and revealing concerns about the conservation of the biotic and abiotic collection in addition to the sensibilities associated to the social tissue from the autochthonous communities. Due to the negative impacts caused by tourism and the need for tools that put in practice the premises of sustainability, it´s important to defend a greatest relevance about the application of management models for tourism in PNA`s. In this sense, this paper develops an approach that converge the attractive offer from PNA`s with different profiles of ecotourism demand, with the aim to present a proposed tourist Zoning, as a case study with the National Park Serra de Itabaiana (PARNASI) in the state of Sergipe. For this purpose, we used a descriptive study methodology, data collection through interviews and direct observation, and also documentary research. The literature presents various types of ecotourist profiles and this work will detail the Fernie`s studies which ranks ecotourism demand in Eco-Experts, Eco-intermediates and Eco-generalists. To establish the correlation between the preferred activities of these profiles and tourist Zoning, it was used the Recreational Opportunity Spectrum (ROS). It´s found at PARNASI a set of attractive and infrastructure in specific areas, which can be targeted to specific profiles such as Eco-Generalist, Eco-Intermediate and Eco-Expert and their motivations for different activities as picnics, contemplation, environmental education, treckings, sports, etc. The results show the potential contribution of tourism Zoning strategies for the conservation and improvement of the tourism experience, through conciliation between the profile of the ecotourist demand with the supply of natural attractions of the NPA.
Keywords: Protected Natural Areas; Tourist Zoning; Ecotourist demand profile
