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Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine Free Full Text
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Original Experimental Research
Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine: Volume 6   November, 2008   Number 11

DOI: 10.3736/jcim20081109
Establishment of a rat model of cervical syndrome with qi deficiency, blood stasis and kidney deficiency
1. Yong-jun WANG (Institute of Spine Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China E-mail: yjwang88@hotmail.com)
2. Qi SHI (Institute of Spine Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China )
3. Jian-chun JIANG (Institute of Spine Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China )
4. Qian-qian LIANG (Institute of Spine Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China )
5. Qin BIAN (Institute of Spine Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China )
6. Chen-guang LI (Institute of Spine Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China )
7. Quan ZHOU (Institute of Spine Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China )
8. Xue-jun CUI (Institute of Spine Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China )
9. Min HUANG (Health Service Center of the Bund Community, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200001, China )
10. Qing-gao LIU (Institute of Spine Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China )
11. Sheng LU (Institute of Spine Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China )
12. Chong-jian ZHOU (Institute of Spine Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China )

Objective: To establish a rat model of cervical syndrome with qi deficiency, blood stasis and kidney deficiency.

Methods: A total of 30 three-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group, cervical syndrome group and cervical syndrome with qi deficiency, blood stasis and kidney deficiency group (combined group), with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the normal group received no treatment, rats in cervical syndrome group underwent resection of cervical muscles and ligaments as unbalanced dynamic and static animal model, and rats in combined group underwent resection of both cervical muscles and ovaries, swimming and irregular diet, and injection of adrenal cortex hormone and adrenaline two and a half months after resection as combined model. The qi deficiency, blood stasis and kidney deficiency were determined by observing behaviors and physical signs of the rats, detecting the contents of plasma cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), the hemorrheology, the expression of alpha-granular membrane protein (CD62p) and the serum estradiol (E2) content. The aggrecan-1, type Ⅱ procollagen gene (Col2a1), matrix metalloproteinases-13 (MMP-13) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) mRNAs in cervical intervertebral discs were detected by histopathology, immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The cataplasia of the intervertebral discs was determined by detecting the histopathology, the expressions of type Ⅱ collagen and type Ⅹ collegen proteins, and the expressions of aggrecan-1 (Agc1), type Ⅱ procollagen gene (Col2a1), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) mRNAs.

Results: Compared with those in the normal group and cervical syndrome group, the rats in the combined group were noted with obvious signs of deficiency of vital energy, such as depression, tiredness, ptosis, obvious weight loss and blue tail. And the ratio of cAMP/cGMP was decreased; the reducing viscosity was significantly up-regulated; the expression of CD62p was increased; the content of serum E2 was decreased; the intervertebral disc structure was destructed; the cervical intervertebral disc was more seriously deteriorated. There exhibited a decrease in type Ⅱ collagen protein expression, an increase in type Ⅹ collagen protein expression, as well as decreases of Agc1, Col2a1 and TIMP-1 mRNA expressions in intervertebral disc, and the expression of MMP-13 mRNA was noted an increase.

Conclusion: The rat model of cervical syndrome with qi-deficiency, blood stasis and kidney deficiency is established. Qi deficiency, blood stasis and kidney deficiency can aggravate cervical intervertebral disc degeneration.

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Wang YJ, Shi Q, Jiang JC, Liang QQ, Bian Q, Li CG, Zhou Q, Cui XJ, Huang M, Liu QG, Lu S, Zhou CJ. J Chin Integr Med/Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2008; 6(11): 1152-1158. Received May 27, 2008; published online November 15, 2008. Free full text (PDF) is available at www.jcimjournal.com. Indexed/abstracted in and full text link-out at PubMed. Forward linking and reference linking via CrossRef. DOI: 10.3736/jcim20081109

 

Correspondence: Yong-jun WANG, MD, PhD, Professor; Tel: 021-54232267; E-mail: yjwang88@hotmail.com

 

基金项目: 国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目(No. 30625043); 国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目(No. 30710103904; 国家自然科学基金资助项目(No. 30572398, 30600829 & 30701118); 上海市中药现代化重点项目(No. 06DZ19718); 上海市教育委员会创新基金资助项目(No. 08YZ56)

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       中医证候动物模型是颈椎病研究中的重要部分,有利于将临床与基础相结合,辨病与辨证相结合,进一步使临床病理得到更加明确的阐述。本实验选择疾病模型与证候模型复合的方法,将动静力失衡大鼠椎间盘退变模型与疲劳加饥饱失常法大鼠气虚模型、肾上腺皮质激素加肾上腺素应用法制作的血瘀模型和去卵巢肾虚模型有机地结合起来,建立气虚血瘀肾虚型颈椎病动物模型,进一步研究病、证之间的内在规律。

 
   

1   材料与方法
1.1   实验材料
1.1.1   实验动物
   3月龄SPFSD雌性大鼠30只,体质量(250±20g,由上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司提供,合格证号为SCXK(沪)2003-0003
1.1.2   主要仪器   全自动石蜡包埋机、组织脱水机和轮转式切片机(德国Leica公司,型号分别为EG1160型、TP1020型和RM2135型),光学显微镜和图像分析系统(日本Olympus公司,BH-20型),紫外/可见光分光光度计(美国Beckman公司,DU 800/VIS型),四通道荧光实时定量聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)仪(澳大利亚Cobett公司,Rotor Gene 3000型),基因扩增仪(德国Eppendorf公司,Mastercycler Personal型),γ放免计数器(中国科学院上海原子核研究所日环仪器厂,SN-682型),流式细胞仪(美国Becton Dickinson公司,FACSCalibur型),全自动自清洗血流变仪(北京普利生仪器有限公司,LBY-N6C型)。
1.1.3   主要药物和试剂   氢化可的松琥珀酸钠注射液(天津市生物化学制药厂,国药准字H12020493,规格50 mg/支),盐酸肾上腺素注射液(上海禾丰制药有限公司,国药准字H31021062,规格1 mg/ml)。雌二醇(estradiol, E2)放射免疫分析药盒(北京北方生物技术研究所),125I-环磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphatecAMP)、125I-环磷酸鸟苷(cyclic guanosine monophosphatecGMP)放射免疫分析试剂盒(上海中医药大学核医学实验室),型胶原兔抗鼠抗体(美国Cell Signaling Technology公司),型胶原兔抗鼠抗体(武汉博士德生物工程有限公司),型、型胶原免疫组化试剂盒(晶美生物工程有限公司),聚集蛋白聚糖(aggrecan-1Agc1)、型前胶原基因(type Ⅱ procollagen geneCol2a1)、基质金属蛋白酶-13matrix metalloproteinase-13MMP-13)和基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, TIMP-1)引物(大连浩嘉生物技术有限公司),藻红蛋白(phycoerythrin, PE)标记的鼠抗人血小板表面α-颗粒膜糖蛋白(alpha-granular membrane proteinCD62p) 抗体(英国Serotec公司),TRIzol试剂(美国MRC公司),逆转录酶(北京天根生化科技有限公司)。
1.2   分组与造模方法
1.2.1   分组方法
   30只大鼠按随机区组设计,分为正常组、颈椎病模型组(简称颈椎病组)和气虚血瘀肾虚型颈椎病模型组(简称复合模型组),每组10只。
1.2.2   动物模型建立方法   气虚模型采用疲劳法1,并加上饥饱失常。具体方法为:大鼠于(43±0.5、水深35 cm的恒温水槽中游泳,1/d,当大鼠出现自然下沉时,从水槽取出,60%大鼠出现下沉后,动物全部取出。造模15 d,在此基础上隔日饲喂,不限量,正常饮水。
      血瘀模型采用肾上腺皮质激素加肾上腺素法2。氢化可的松10 mg/kg体质量肌肉注射,1/d,用药13 d后肾上腺素0.36 mg/kg体质量皮下注射一次。
      肾虚模型采用去卵巢法3。氯胺酮(0.1 g/kg)腹腔注射麻醉,无菌操作下经腰背侧正中入路进入,分开腰部筋膜,分离暴露卵巢,结扎输卵管和周围血管后,摘除双侧卵巢。观察3个月。
颈椎病模型采用动静力失衡大鼠颈椎间盘退变模型
4。将大鼠颈后部剪毛和清洁后,氯胺酮(0.1 g/kg)腹腔注射麻醉,取颈背部正中纵向切口,长约2~2.5 cm,切开皮肤后,横向切断颈夹肌和头、颈、寰最长肌,切除颈髂肋肌与头半棘肌,然后依次切除棘上和棘间韧带,建立动静力失衡性大鼠颈椎间盘退变模型。观察3个月。
      复合模型由上述4种模型复合而成,在颈椎病模型的基础上复合气虚、血瘀和肾虚模型。肾虚模型与颈椎病模型同时造模,当颈椎病模型造模2.5个月后,再建立气虚和血瘀模型,至3个月时,造模结束。
1.3   指标检测
1.3.1   动物行为和体征观察
   每天观察实验大鼠的精神、活动、皮毛、尾色、大便,有无缩肩拱背和觅食等情况,3 d记录1次。量化分级方法参照程志清等5所拟定标准。
1.3.2   动物体质量变化   分别在造气虚模型前3 d和造模后第3691315天称取体质量,每次称取时间均在上午9~10时。
1.3.3   血浆cAMPcGMP检测   大鼠用戊巴比妥麻醉后,腹主动脉采血1 ml,乙二胺四乙酸抗凝,离心,取血浆,按照试剂盒说明书操作要求,放射免疫法测定血浆cAMPcGMP含量,并计算其比值。实验由上海中医药大学核医学实验室完成。由于部分大鼠采血失败,每组随机取8个样本用于检测。
1.3.4   血液流变学指标检测   上述方法采血5 ml,肝素抗凝,摇匀,全自动自清洗血流变仪检测血液流变学变化,包括全血低切黏度、血浆黏度、低切还原黏度和聚集指数。
1.3.5   CD62p检测   上述方法采血1 ml,肝素抗凝,用流式细胞仪检测CD62p的表达。取0.1 ml抗凝血,加入PE标记的鼠抗人CD62p抗体20 μl,混合,4 ℃放置20 min;加2 ml红细胞溶解液放置10 min破红细胞;2 000 r/min离心5 min,弃上清液,PBS洗涤细胞2~3次,再悬浮于0.3 ml PBS中,用流式细胞仪检测CD62p的表达。实验由中国科学院上海生命科学研究院细胞所完成。
1.3.6   血清E2测定   上述方法采血2 ml,离心,取血清,按照试剂盒说明书操作要求,用放射免疫法测定血清E2的含量。实验由上海中医药大学核医学实验室完成。
1.3.7   颈椎间盘组织病理学观察   取颈椎间盘,4%多聚甲醛固定24 h,清水冲洗后,20%乙二胺四乙酸脱钙4周,脱水、透明、包埋,连续6 μm横断面切片,HE染色。在光学显微镜下观察每个椎间盘正中矢状面的髓核、纤维环和软骨终板等结构。
1.3.8   颈椎间盘型、型胶原蛋白表达的检测   采用免疫组化法检测颈椎间盘型、型胶原蛋白表达,具体操作步骤按照试剂盒说明书进行。棕黄色为阳性染色,各个标本在200倍光学显微镜下观察。
1.3.9   颈椎间盘Agc1Col2a1MMP-13TIMP-1 mRNA表达的检测   TRIzol法抽提mRNA,逆转录后,实时荧光定量PCR方法检测基因表达。引物序列及合成参照文献6。采用6个样本进行统计,每个标本的cDNA同时平行进行6次观察。结果用待测基因与β-actin灰度值的比值表示。
1.4   统计学方法   采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析,实验数据用`x±s表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析。

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2     
2.1   大鼠行为、体征观察
   正常组大鼠喜动、活动灵活、皮毛光泽、无眼眯(眼睑下垂)和缩肩拱背现象。颈椎病组大鼠与正常组比较无明显差别。复合模型组大鼠在去卵巢后,形体逐渐肥胖,少动;气虚模型建立过程中的第7天,大鼠出现明显精神萎靡、倦怠、少动、喜卧、皮毛蓬乱无光泽、眼眯成线和缩肩拱背,随着时间的延长,上述症状逐渐加重;血瘀模型建立后6~7 d,大鼠还出现不同程度的舌质瘀紫,尾色瘀青。见表1
    

1   复合模型组大鼠气虚模型造模时行为和体征观察
Table 1   Observation of behaviors and physical signs in the combined group when making qi deficiency model
   

Symptom Combined group
3rd day 6th day 9th day 13th day 15th day

Spirit

+

++

+++

+++

+++

Skin and pelage

+

+

++

++

+++

Nose and tail

-

+

++

++

++

Stool

-

+

+

+

+

Shrinking shoulders and extrados

none

none

have

have

have


2.2
   大鼠体质量变化   复合模型组在去除卵巢后至造气虚模型前,与正常组和颈椎病组比较,大鼠体质量明显增高(P<0.01)。开始造气虚模型后,复合模型组体质量逐渐减轻,造模第3天和第6天复合模型组与正常组和颈椎病组比较,体质量仍较高(P<0.01),此后复合模型组体质量继续下降,在造模第91315天时复合模型组与正常组和颈椎病组比较,体质量差异无统计学意义。从整个造模过程来看,正常组和颈椎病组体质量呈缓慢增高趋势,而复合模型组则呈明显的下降趋势。见表2。造模过程中正常组和颈椎病组大鼠无死亡。复合模型组造气虚模型至第6天时死亡2只,剩8只大鼠。
    

2   复合模型组大鼠气虚模型造模时体质量变化

Table 2   Weight changes in the combined group when making qi deficiency model    

                                                                                                                                             (`x±s, g)

Group

n

Body weight

Before making model 3rd day 6th day 9th day 13th day 15th day

Normal

10

328.9±28.8

340.0±16.0

343.0±18.3

347.5±17.2

349.3±19.1

353.7±19.6

Cervical syndrome

10

325.5±21.5

341.3±16.9

342.2±18.9

350.0±20.5

351.9±26.3

357.0±23.1

Combined

8

431.1±31.2**△△

421.7±55.1**△△

389.0±46.4**△△

387.5±58.1

387.9±54.8

358.9±52.8

**P<0.01, vs normal group; △△P<0.01, vs cervical syndrome group.

 

2.3   血浆cAMPcGMP含量及cAMP/cGMP比值   3组大鼠血浆cAMPcGMP含量差异无统计学意义。复合模型组cAMP/cGMP比值低于颈椎病组(P<0.01)。见表3
    

3   血浆cAMPcGMP含量及cAMP/cGMP比值

Table 3   Contents of cAMP, cGMP and ratio of cAMP/cGMP in three groups

                                                                                                                                  (`x±s)

Group

n

cAMP (nmol/L)

cGMP (nmol/L)

cAMP/cGMP

Normal

8

129.35±60.52

17.87±9.51

8.10±3.27

Cervical syndrome

8

217.51±117.37

23.36±19.91

11.97±4.56

Combined

8

165.06±56.56

44.28±32.88

4.77±1.77△△

△△P<0.01, vs cervical syndrome group. 

 

2.4   血液流变学变化   与正常组相比,颈椎病组血液流变学指标变化不明显。与正常组、颈椎病组相比,复合模型组低切还原黏度增高明显(P<0.05P<0.01)。见表4
    

4   血液流变学指标变化

Table 4   Changes of hemorrheological parameters in three groups

                                                                                                                                   (`x±s, mPa·s)

Group

n

Whole blood low-shear viscosity

Plasma viscosity

Reducing blood viscosity

Aggregation index

Normal

8

13.22±1.38

1.09±0.02

25.68±2.22

2.30±0.15

Cervical syndrome

8

12.70±1.06

1.12±0.08

24.99±1.72

2.30±0.12

Combined

8

13.85±1.24

1.37±0.38

27.81±2.13*△△

2.58±0.15

*P<0.05, vs normal group; △△P<0.01, vs cervical syndrome group.


2.5  
CD62p表达   与正常组相比,颈椎病组CD62p表达增高,但差异无统计学意义;复合模型组与正常组、颈椎病组相比,CD62p表达明显增高(P<0.01)。见表5
2.6   血清E2含量   与正常组相比,颈椎病组血清E2含量稍降低,但差异无统计学意义;复合模型组血清E2含量与正常组、颈椎病组相比明显降低(P<0.01)。见表5
    

5   CD62p 表达和E2含量

Table 5   Expression of CD62p and content of serum E2 in three groups

                                                                                                 (`x±s)

Group

n

CD62p (%)

E2 (μg/L)

Normal

8

2.89±0.90

3.15±0.68

Cervical syndrome

8

8.16±1.85

2.69±0.32

Combined

8

51.80±11.50**△△

1.12±0.83**△△

**P<0.01, vs normal group; △△P<0.01, vs cervical syndrome group.
    
2.7
   颈椎间盘HE染色   正常组大鼠颈椎间盘纤维环排列规则或稍有紊乱,髓核较大,软骨终板分为生长软骨层和关节软骨层,潮标清晰,钙化的关节软骨层较薄;颈椎病组与正常组相比,椎间盘高度降低,纤维环排列不规则,髓核皱缩,软骨终板变薄;复合模型组颈椎间盘明显退变,椎间盘高度变小,纤维环有明显裂隙,髓核皱缩,细胞数量减少,软骨终板厚度稍变薄或潮标前移。见图1
 

   

1   颈椎间盘HE染色(光学显微镜, ×40
Figure 1   HE staining of cervical intervertebral disc (Light microscopy, ×40)
A: Normal group; B: Cervical syndrome group; C: Combined group


2.8
   颈椎间盘型、型胶原免疫组化染色   型胶原表达差异主要在纤维环,正常组阳性细胞表达较多;与正常组相比,颈椎病组表达减少;复合模型组与正常组和颈椎病组相比,表达减少。见图2
    

2   颈椎间盘纤维环型胶原免疫组织化学染色(光学显微镜, ×200
Figure 2   Immunohistochemical staining of type Ⅱ collagen in annular fibrosus of cervical intervertebral disc (Light microscopy, ×200)
A: Normal group; B: Cervical syndrome group; C: Combined group.


      型胶原表达差异主要在软骨终板,正常组表达极少,颈椎病组型胶原表达增高,复合模型组表达更明显。见图3
2.9   颈椎间盘组织Agc1Col2a1MMP-13TIMP-1 mRNA表达   颈椎病组与正常组比较,Agc1Col2a1TIMP-1 mRNA表达降低,其中Agc1 mRNA表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.01P<0.05)。复合模型组与正常组比较,Agc1Col2a1TIMP-1 mRNA表达下降,其中Agc1Col2a1 mRNA表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与颈椎病组比较,Agc1Col2a1TIMP-1 mRNA表达差异无统计学意义。颈椎病组和复合模型组MMP-13 mRNA表达均高于正常组(P<0.05, P<0.01),且复合模型组增高明显,与颈椎病组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表6

 

    

3   颈椎间盘型胶原免疫组织化学染色(光学显微镜, ×200
Figure 3   Immunohistochemical staining of type Ⅹ collagen of cervical intervertebral disc (Light microscopy, ×200)
A: Normal group; B: Cervical syndrome group; C: Combined group.

 

6   颈椎间盘组织Agc1Col2a1MMP-13TIMP-1 mRNA表达

Table 6   Expressions of Agc1, Col2a1, MMP-13 and TIMP-1 mRNAs of cervical intervertebral disc in three groups

                                                                                                                                       (`x±s

Group

n

Agc1/β-actin

Col2a1/β-actin

MMP-13/β-actin

TIMP-1/β-actin

Normal

6

1.00±0.31

1.00±0.34

1.00±0.25

1.00±0.43

Cervical syndrome

6

0.06±0.04**

0.58±0.01

1.69±0.30*

0.41±0.08

Combined

6

0.02±0.01**

0.30±0.20*

2.25±0.21**

0.76±0.24

*P<0.05, **P<0.01, vs normal group; P<0.05, vs cervical syndrome group.

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3     
      颈椎病的发病率逐渐增高,严重影响人们的工作和生活质量。中医药治疗颈椎病有独特的优势,但是,关于颈椎病的中医证候模型的研究并不多,从而影响了对颈椎病辨证施治的系统深入研究,所以建立病证结合大鼠模型非常必要。临床上气虚、血瘀、肾虚型颈椎病比较常见,且多相互夹杂,故本研究同时采用多种模型复合的方法建立气虚血瘀肾虚型颈椎病病证结合模型。
      《素问·举痛论》曰:劳则喘息汗出,内外皆越,故气耗矣。《难经·八十一难》:饮食劳倦则伤脾。结合部分颈椎病患者是由于疲劳和饮食失节诱导,使颈椎病发生或进一步加重,本实验采用了疲劳加饥饱失常法建立气虚证模型。颈椎病患者易出现血瘀的表现,故用肾上腺皮质激素和肾上腺素法建立血瘀模型。颈椎病以中老年人罹患者居多,女性患者45岁以后,卵巢功能低下所致的雌激素水平下降是肾虚的主要特征之一7,故利用切除卵巢的方法作为肾虚模型。颈椎病的根本病理改变是椎间盘退变,动静力失衡模型符合颈椎病生物力学原理,动静力系统失去了原有的平衡,导致了颈椎间盘退变。本研究病证结合模型的建立符合中医多因素致病理论。
      症状和体征在中医证候的临床诊断中起着最重要的作用,因此,动物模型的诊断依据也应以此为主8。《素问·举痛论》曰:劳则气耗。动物游泳时由于物质和能量的大量消耗,脾气耗失,而出现四肢乏力,嗜睡、喜卧、少动、眯眼等现象。脾气虚大鼠存在能量代谢和营养物质吸收障碍,以致动物毛乱、枯槁无光泽、体质量下降9, 10cAMPcGMP是细胞功能的重要调节物质,一般认为cAMPcGMP的含量与机体免疫调节有关。本研究复合模型组cAMPcGMP比值降低,说明复合模型组动物免疫功能降低。血瘀是指体内有血液停滞,包括积存于体内的离经之血,或血运不畅,阻滞于经脉及脏腑内之瘀血,血瘀证本质的微循环障碍及血液流变性异常已从大量临床与实验得到证明11。本研究中复合模型组动物出现舌质瘀紫,尾色瘀青,血黏度增高,符合血瘀证的病理改变。血小板活化、功能亢进在血瘀证各个环节中均起重要作用12CD62p是目前所知最能反映血小板活化的特异性指标。复合模型组CD62p阳性细胞百分率明显高于正常组和颈椎病组,结合动物体征和血液流变学变化,反映了血瘀模型的病理特性。中医肾包含现代医学的性腺功能,有人认为性激素内环境变化反映出肾气的衰退,性激素水平可作为肾虚证的现代指标13。复合模型组雌激素水平的明显降低,说明动物去卵巢后中医的功能明显降低。从颈椎间盘组织病理学、胶原蛋白表达和主要基因的表达发现,颈椎病组和复合模型组颈椎间盘均出现退变,但复合模型组退变更严重。
      综上所述,造模后动物出现了精神萎靡、少动、眼眯成线、舌质紫暗、尾色瘀青等气虚、血瘀的表现,同时出现免疫功能下降,血黏度增高,血小板活化,雌激素下降及椎间盘形态学改变,细胞外基质减少,降解酶增高等,证实大鼠气虚血瘀肾虚型颈椎病模型的成立。气虚血瘀肾虚可以加重颈椎间盘退变,验证了中医病因病机理论,该模型为颈椎病的中医证候研究及辨证施治研究提供了有利的工具。

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References
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This article has been cited by other articles ( Within JCIM )
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