The alteration of compressed video bitstream due to embedding of digital watermark tends to produce unpredictable video bit rate variations which may in turn lead to video playback buffer overflow/underflow or transmission bandwidth violation problems. This paper presents a novel bit rate control technique for real-time MPEG watermarking applications. In our experiments, spread spectrum watermarks are embedded in the quantized DCT domain without requantization and motion reestimation to achieve fast watermarking. The proposed bit rate control scheme evaluates the combined bit lengths of a set of multiple watermarked VLC codewords, and successively replaces watermarked VLC codewords having the largest increase in bit length with their corresponding unmarked VLC codewords until a target bit length is achieved. The proposed method offers flexibility and scalability, which are neglected by similar works reported in the literature. Experimental results show that the proposed bit rate control scheme is effective in meeting the bit rate targets and capable of improving the watermark detection robustness for different video contents compressed at different bit rates.
This article is part of the series Multimedia Security and Rights Management.
Improved Bit Rate Control for Real-Time MPEG Watermarking
Nanyang Technological University, School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering (EEE), Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing 2004, 2004:953279 doi:10.1155/S1110865704402261
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://asp.eurasipjournals.com/content/2004/14/953279
Received: | 2 April 2003 |
Revisions received: | 2 October 2003 |
Published: | 28 October 2004 |
© 2004 Pranata et al.
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