Tipo de vínculo madre / hijo y desarrollo intelectual sensoriomotriz en niños de 6 a 15 meses de edad

Se estudió la incidencia del tipo de vínculo madre / hijo en el desarrollo de la inteligencia sensoriomotriz. La muestra estuvo integrada por 54 díadas de madre / bebé, argentinas con bebés de ambos sexos. Eran pacientes del Centro de Salud Eva Perón (Strobel, Prov. de Entre Ríos), del Sanatorio Adventista del Plata (Libertador San Martín, Prov. de Entre Ríos) y miembros de la Iglesia Adventista (San Justo, Prov. de Buenos Aires). Se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: (a) Escala Argentina de Inteligencia Sensorio-Motriz (de 6 meses a 2 años) (Oiberman, Mansilla & Orellana, 2002), (b) Perfil de la Observación del Vínculo Madre-Bebé (de 0 a 6 meses) de Oiberman (2001) y (c) Perfil de la Observación del Vínculo Madre-Bebé (de 7 a 15 meses) de Oiberman (2001). Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: tiempo de lactancia, tiempo de gestación, orden de nacimiento, género, ocupación y nivel de instrucción de las madres. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el percentil de inteligencia del bebé, en función del vínculo madre / hijo. Se observó una influencia altamente significativa del tiempo de gestación en el tipo de vínculo y una influencia significativa del nivel de instrucción de la mamá en el vínculo madre / bebé. El orden de nacimiento, la lactancia, el género y la ocupación de la mamá no influirían significativamente en el vínculo madre / hijo. Se encontró una influencia altamente significativa del tiempo de gestación en la inteligencia de los bebés y una influencia significativa del tiempo de lactancia en la inteligencia sensoriomotriz. El género, orden de nacimiento, nivel de instrucción y ocupación de la mamá no influirían significativamente en la inteligencia del bebé.

The main purpose of this study was to observe the influence of mother / child bonds on the sensorymotor intelligence in 6 to 15 month old babies. The sample was made up of 54 babies Argentinian, ranging from 6 to 15 months of both sexes, with their respective mothers (between 16 and 40 years old). Some of them were patients from the Centro de Salud Eva Perón (Strobel, Prov. de Entre Ríos), from the Sanatorio Adventista del Plata (Libertador San Martín, Prov. de Entre Ríos), and others were members of the Iglesia Adventista (San Justo, Prov. de Buenos Aires). The criteria used to include the babies in our study was that they be healthy. Furthermore, other aspects under evaluation were: (a) months of breastfeeding, (b) months of gestation, (c) birth order, (d) mother’s age, (e) mother’s work outside the home and (f) mother’s education level. To analyze the relationship between the mother / child bond and the baby’s intelligence the following instruments were applied: (a) Escala Argentina de Inteligencia Sensorio- Motriz (EAIS) for 6 to 24 month old babies (Oiberman, Mansilla & Orellana, 2002), (b) Perfil de la Observación del Vínculo Madre-Bebé for 0 to 6 month old babies (Oiberman, 2001) and (c) Perfil de la Observación del Vínculo Madre-Bebé for 7 to 15 month old babies (Oiberman, 2001). The objectives of this study were the following: (1) To evaluate sensorymotor intelligence in babies ranging from 6 to 15 months using the EAIS. (2) To observe the mother / child bond when the baby is 0 to 6 months old (Oiberman, 2001). (3) To observe the mother / child bond when the baby is 7 to 15 months (Oiberman, 2001). (4) To evaluate how other variables related to the mother / child bond such as months of breastfeeding, months of gestation, birth order, gender, work and the mothers’ education level, influence the babies’ intelligence. (5) To promote a better bond between the mother and her baby. The results show no significant differences in the mother / child bond over the baby’s intelligence percentile, even though we found a slight tendency. All babies with absent bonds (3 babies) had an intelligence level scoring less than 50 (min., 10 and 50). On the other hand, out of 14 babies with good bonds with their mothers, 10 had normal intelligence, and out of 37 babies with very good bonds with their mothers, 32 were considered to have normal intelligence. There were high significant differences in months of gestation over the kind of bond, and a significant difference was also found in the mother’s education level over the mother / child bond. Birth order, months of breastfeeding, gender and whether or not the mother worked outside the home did not show significant differences over the mother / child bond. We also found a high significant influence in months of gestation over the baby’s intelligence and a significant influence in months of breastfeeding over sensorymotor intelligence. Gender, birth order, the mother’s education level and whether or not the mother worked outside the home did not have a significant influence over the baby’s intelligence.

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Resumen

Inglés The main purpose of this study was to observe the influence of mother / child bonds on the sensorymotor intelligence in 6 to 15 month old babies. The sample was made up of 54 babies Argentinian, ranging from 6 to 15 months of both sexes, with their respective mothers (between 16 and 40 years old). Some of them were patients from the Centro de Salud Eva Perón (Strobel, Prov. de Entre Ríos), from the Sanatorio Adventista del Plata (Libertador San Martín, Prov. de Entre Ríos), and others were members of the Iglesia Adventista (San Justo, Prov. de Buenos Aires). The criteria used to include the babies in our study was that they be healthy. Furthermore, other aspects under evaluation were: (a) months of breastfeeding, (b) months of gestation, (c) birth order, (d) mother’s age, (e) mother’s work outside the home and (f) mother’s education level. To analyze the relationship between the mother / child bond and the baby’s intelligence the following instruments were applied: (a) Escala Argentina de Inteligencia Sensorio- Motriz (EAIS) for 6 to 24 month old babies (Oiberman, Mansilla & Orellana, 2002), (b) Perfil de la Observación del Vínculo Madre-Bebé for 0 to 6 month old babies (Oiberman, 2001) and (c) Perfil de la Observación del Vínculo Madre-Bebé for 7 to 15 month old babies (Oiberman, 2001). The objectives of this study were the following: (1) To evaluate sensorymotor intelligence in babies ranging from 6 to 15 months using the EAIS. (2) To observe the mother / child bond when the baby is 0 to 6 months old (Oiberman, 2001). (3) To observe the mother / child bond when the baby is 7 to 15 months (Oiberman, 2001). (4) To evaluate how other variables related to the mother / child bond such as months of breastfeeding, months of gestation, birth order, gender, work and the mothers’ education level, influence the babies’ intelligence. (5) To promote a better bond between the mother and her baby. The results show no significant differences in the mother / child bond over the baby’s intelligence percentile, even though we found a slight tendency. All babies with absent bonds (3 babies) had an intelligence level scoring less than 50 (min., 10 and 50). On the other hand, out of 14 babies with good bonds with their mothers, 10 had normal intelligence, and out of 37 babies with very good bonds with their mothers, 32 were considered to have normal intelligence. There were high significant differences in months of gestation over the kind of bond, and a significant difference was also found in the mother’s education level over the mother / child bond. Birth order, months of breastfeeding, gender and whether or not the mother worked outside the home did not show significant differences over the mother / child bond. We also found a high significant influence in months of gestation over the baby’s intelligence and a significant influence in months of breastfeeding over sensorymotor intelligence. Gender, birth order, the mother’s education level and whether or not the mother worked outside the home did not have a significant influence over the baby’s intelligence.

Español Se estudió la incidencia del tipo de vínculo madre / hijo en el desarrollo de la inteligencia sensoriomotriz. La muestra estuvo integrada por 54 díadas de madre / bebé, argentinas con bebés de ambos sexos. Eran pacientes del Centro de Salud Eva Perón (Strobel, Prov. de Entre Ríos), del Sanatorio Adventista del Plata (Libertador San Martín, Prov. de Entre Ríos) y miembros de la Iglesia Adventista (San Justo, Prov. de Buenos Aires). Se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: (a) Escala Argentina de Inteligencia Sensorio-Motriz (de 6 meses a 2 años) (Oiberman, Mansilla & Orellana, 2002), (b) Perfil de la Observación del Vínculo Madre-Bebé (de 0 a 6 meses) de Oiberman (2001) y (c) Perfil de la Observación del Vínculo Madre-Bebé (de 7 a 15 meses) de Oiberman (2001). Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: tiempo de lactancia, tiempo de gestación, orden de nacimiento, género, ocupación y nivel de instrucción de las madres. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el percentil de inteligencia del bebé, en función del vínculo madre / hijo. Se observó una influencia altamente significativa del tiempo de gestación en el tipo de vínculo y una influencia significativa del nivel de instrucción de la mamá en el vínculo madre / bebé. El orden de nacimiento, la lactancia, el género y la ocupación de la mamá no influirían significativamente en el vínculo madre / hijo. Se encontró una influencia altamente significativa del tiempo de gestación en la inteligencia de los bebés y una influencia significativa del tiempo de lactancia en la inteligencia sensoriomotriz. El género, orden de nacimiento, nivel de instrucción y ocupación de la mamá no influirían significativamente en la inteligencia del bebé.