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Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine Free Full Text
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Original Experimental Research
Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine: Volume 6   April, 2008   Number 4

DOI: 10.3736/jcim20080412
Effects of Huoxue Qianyang Formula on expressions of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc in spontaneous hypertensive rats with ventricular hypertrophy
1. De-yu FU (Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China E-mail: E-mail: fdy65@163.com)
2. Shi-hong WANG (Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China )
3. Duan ZHOU2 (Department of Cardiology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China )
4. Yu-ying MA (Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China )
5. Lu JIN (Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China )
6. Liang-hua ZU (Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China )

Objective: To explore the possible mechanism of Huoxue Qianyang Formula (HXQYF), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, in reversing the left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) by analyzing the expressions of mRNAs and proteins of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc in left ventricular muscle.

Methods: The experimental study was carried out in SHRs, the sex- and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were served as normal control (n=5, normal saline 10 ml/kg daily). Twenty-five SHRs were randomly divided into five groups: untreated group (n=5, normal saline 10 ml/kg daily), high-dose HXQYF-treated group (n=5, 0.84 g/ml HXQYF, 10 ml/kg daily), medium-dose HXQYF-treated group (n=5, 0.42 g/ml HXQYF, 10 ml/kg daily), low-dose HXQYF-treated group (n=5, 0.21 g/ml HXQYF, 10 ml/kg daily) and cilazapril-treated group (n=5, 1 mg/ml cilazapril, 10 ml/kg daily). The drugs were intragastrically administered once daily for 14 weeks. The expressions of mRNAs and proteins of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc in left ventricular muscle were detected separately by in situ hybridization histochemical method and immunohistochemical method.

Results: Compared with the normal control group, the expressions of mRNAs and proteins of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc in left ventricular muscle were significantly increased in untreated group (P<0.01). After treatment, the expressions of c-fos and c-myc mRNAs in left ventricular muscle in HXQYF-treated groups were significantly down-regulated as compared with those of the untreated group (P<0.05). The expressions of c-myc protein were also significantly decreased in high- and medium-dose HXQYF-treated groups as compared with the untreated group (P<0.05), but it had no significant effects in protein expression of c-fos in the three HXQYF-treated groups.

Conclusion: HXQYF can inhibit the expression of c-myc in ventricular hypertrophy tissue, which may be the mechanism in treating LVH of hypertention.

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Fu DY, Wang SH, Zhou D, Ma YY, Jin L, Zu LH. J Chin Integr Med/Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2008; 6(4): 387-391. Received January 7, 2008; published online April 15, 2008. Free full text (PDF) is available at www.jcimjournal.com. Indexed/abstracted in and full text link-out at PubMed. Forward linking and reference linking via CrossRef. DOI: 10.3736/jcim20080412

 

Correspondence: De-yu FU, MD, Associate Professor; Tel: 021-65161782-3227; E-mail: fdy65@163.com

 

基金项目: 上海市卫生局资助项目(No. 99406,); 国家自然科学基金资助项目(No. 30572381)

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      高血压左心室肥厚(left ventricular hypertrophy, LVH)是高血压病治疗中亟待解决的重要环节1c-fosc-myc为即刻早期癌基因,是诱发心肌肥厚的始动因子2。现代医学研究表明,c-fosc-myc表达的变化,可能是心肌肥厚信号介导过程的一部分3, 4。有人推荐c-fosc-myc在临床基础研究中,可作为心肌肥厚存在的分子生物学标记。既往研究显示,具有活血化瘀、平肝潜阳和祛痰功效的活血潜阳方可降低高血压患者的左心室肥厚程度5。本研究进一步观察活血潜阳方对自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneous hypertensive rat, SHR)左心室心肌原癌基因c-fosc-myc基因和蛋白表达的影响,以期为中药治疗高血压LVH的临床应用提供理论依据。

 
   

1   材料与方法
1.1   实验材料
1.1.1   实验动物
   SHR 10周龄,25只,体质量(194±49g,正常京都(Wistar-Kyoto, WKY)大鼠,10周龄,5只,体质量(250±78g,均由上海市高血压研究所提供(许可证号:SHR 0237-1WKY 0237-2)。
1.1.2   药物与主要试剂   活血潜阳方(Huoxue Qianyang Formula, HXQYF),由丹参、水蛭、钩藤和石决明等组成,由岳阳医院制剂室制成浸膏,每克含生药8 g。用蒸馏水制成大、中、小浓度溶液。西拉普利片(2.5 mg/片)由上海罗氏制药有限公司生产,批号为国药准字X19990244,用蒸馏水配制成1 mg/ml浓度溶液。c-fos c-myc多克隆抗体,Santa Cruz公司生产,工作浓度为1100;生物素化抗地高辛抗体1500稀释,购自罗氏公司;EnVision试剂, Dako公司生产。c-fosc-myc多相寡核苷酸探针,博士德公司生产,均为地高辛标记;聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(Triton X-100),国药集团。无酶水和0.1%焦碳酸二乙脂(diethyl pyrocarbonate, DEPC)水放置12 h后,高压灭菌30 min备用。
1.1.3   实验仪器   自动切片机,日本AIWA公司生产;OLYMPUS BH2型显微镜,日本奥林巴斯公司生产,稳定电压为4.03 V;透射电镜,日立H-600型;Panasonic摄像机,分辨率480线,日本松下公司生产;IMS细胞图像分析系统,免疫组化定量分析软件,上海申腾信息技术有限公司生产。
1.2   实验方法
1.2.1   分组及用药   SHR随机各分为5组,每组5只(4雄、1雌)。具体分为SHR模型组,中药大(生药浓度0.84 g/ml,相当于成人剂量的24倍)、中(生药浓度0.42 g/ml,相当于成人剂量的12倍)和小(生药浓度0.21 g/ml,相当于成人剂量的6倍)剂量治疗组,西拉普利组。WKY大鼠5只(4雄、1雌)作为正常对照组。按10 ml/(kg·d)不同药液灌胃,模型组和WKY组予等量蒸馏水灌胃。其中活血潜阳方低剂量组死亡1只(雌)。
1.2.2   标本采集   各组喂养14周后,称取体质量,给予3%戊巴比妥钠(40 mg/kg)腹腔注射麻醉动物,即刻取出心脏,进行主动脉逆行灌洗(4 ℃生理盐水),即刻(5 min内)以无酶水配制的4%多聚甲醛固定液固定,固定液容量为组织块体积的10倍。每组有3只(2雄、1雌)大鼠的心脏进行c-fosc-myc免疫组化及原位杂交实验(余进行胶原的基因和蛋白表达实验,文章待发表);每只大鼠每个指标取3张切片(共得9个数据)。操作时需无菌,取材器械事先进行高压灭菌,尽量做到无RNA酶,固定标本后尽早进行石蜡包埋。
1.2.3   免疫组化法检测心肌组织c-fosc-myc蛋白表达   左室游离壁,常规固定,石蜡包埋,切片,石蜡切片以二甲苯脱蜡及梯度酒精(无水酒精至50%)脱水。pH 6.0柠檬酸缓冲液入微波炉煮沸8 minPBS缓冲液冲洗3×3 min0.3%过氧化氢甲醇液阻断内源性过氧化物酶,室温下20 minPBS冲洗3×3 min,正常动物血清保护,室温下20 min,滴加c-fos c-myc抗体,平放于湿盒内,37 ℃孵育1.5 hPBS冲洗3×3 min,滴加EnVision,放入湿盒内,室温下30 minPBS冲洗3×3 min,二氨基联苯胺(diaminobenzidine, DAB)显迹,苏木素染核1 min1%盐酸酒精分化,流水冲洗蓝化,梯度酒精脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树胶封片。显微镜下观察心肌细胞,核棕黄色者为阳性细胞。
1.2.4   原位杂交法检测心肌组织c-fosc-myc mRNA表达   左心室游离壁,无RNA酶的条件下固定、浸蜡包埋。石蜡切片二甲苯脱蜡及梯度酒精脱水,PBS2×3 min;切片入0.01 mol/L Triton X-10010 minPBS2×3 min ;经1% H2O2处理抑制内源性过氧化物酶,蛋白消化,终止消化后,切片放入0.01 mol/L pH 6.0柠檬酸缓冲液中,微波炉档(98 ℃)加热10 min,冷却,PBS3×3 min,预杂交2 h42 ℃,不洗,在杂交液中加入多相寡核苷酸探针4 μg/ml20 μl/片,杂交12~18 h,上覆盖蜡膜防蒸发,湿盒内加入少量甲酰胺缓冲。杂交后42 ℃柠檬酸缓冲液系列洗脱,再进行生物素化抗地高辛抗体信号放大检测,0.04% DAB+0.03% H2O2,显色8~12 min,苏木素衬染30 s,水洗,盐酸乙醇分化,水洗片刻,微波蓝化,常规树脂封片。观察心肌细胞核棕褐色者为阳性细胞。对照设计:阴性对照用不加探针的杂交液杂交,用PBS代替生物素化抗地高辛抗体,显示结果为阴性结果。阳性对照设计,以已知肺癌阳性切片做阳性对照。
1.2.5   图像分析   选择200倍视野,每张切片随机观察5个视野,按照一定的域值分割阳性细胞,利用分析软件计算每个视野中阳性表达的光密度值,然后计算平均值。再测定c-fosc-myc表达的平均积分吸光度的阳性面积,并计算表达指数。表达指数=(阳性面积值×光密度)/100
1.3   统计学方法   各组数据以`x±s 表示,采用SPSS 10.0版软件进行统计分析,组间比较用单因素方差分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

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2     
2.1   活血潜阳方对SHR左心室心肌组织c-fos mRNA及蛋白表达的影响   24周龄SHR组左室心肌组织c-fos mRNA和蛋白的表达均高于同龄的WKY大鼠,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,西拉普利和各浓度中药均可降低SHR c-fos mRNA的表达(P<0.05),但未达到正常大鼠水平(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,西拉普利可降低SHR左室心肌组织c-fos蛋白的表达(P<0.05),各个浓度中药对c-fos蛋白表达虽有下调,但与SHR模型组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1
    

1   左心室心肌组织c-fosc-mycmRNA及蛋白表达指数

Table 1   Expression indexes of c-fos and c-myc mRNAs and proteins in left ventricular muscular tissues of SHRs

                                                                                                                                             (`x±s )

Group

n

C-fos mRNA

C-fos protein

C-myc mRNA

C-myc protein

Normal control

9

0.45±0.13△△

0.49±0.22△△

0.28±0.07△△

0.30±0.06△△

Untreated

9

2.12±0.60**

1.49±0.42**

2.85±0.36**

2.37±0.28**

Cilazapril-treated

9

1.16±0.38*

0.79±0.14

1.36±0.34*

1.02±0.13*

Low-dose HXQYF-treated

9

1.15±0.36*

1.56±0.46*

1.45±0.31*

2.02±0.26**

Medium-dose HXQYF-treated

9

1.04±0.30*

0.97±0.33

1.12±0.14*

0.95±0.15*

High-dose HXQYF-treated

9

1.11±0.50*

1.01±0.45

1.29±0.38*

1.08±0.15*

*P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs normal control group; P<0.05, △△P<0.01 vs untreated group.
    
2.2
   活血潜阳方对SHR左心室心肌组织c-myc mRNA及蛋白表达的影响   免疫组化检测提示24周龄SHR左室心肌组织c-myc mRNA及蛋白表达高于同龄的WKY大鼠,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);西拉普利组,中药大、中和小剂量组大鼠左心室心肌组织c-myc mRNA的表达低于模型组大鼠,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但与WKY大鼠比较仍升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);西拉普利组,中药大、中剂量组大鼠心肌组织中c-myc蛋白表达与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),小剂量中药对SHR左心室c-myc蛋白表达未见显著的影响。西拉普利组,中药大、中剂量组3组间作用未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。见表1

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3     
      所谓原癌基因(proto-oncogene)实际上是一类编码关键性调控蛋白的正常细胞基因,通常在成年分化组织细胞中不表达或有限表达,处于非激活状态,参与调控正常细胞的增殖和分化过程。当受某些理化因素刺激,被异常激活时,可出现结构、量或表达水平的异常,形成或促进某些病理状态的发生。即刻早期基因,是指原癌基因家族中能对药物、神经递质和激素引起的传入信息在数分钟内作出反应,进行表达的基因。c-fosc-myc作为一核内蛋白类细胞癌基因,属即刻早期基因。

      高血压LVH的心室重构涉及心肌细胞和间质胶原的重构,转基因动物和反义核酸技术均证明c-fos在心肌肥厚的信号传递过程中十分重要6-8,随着年龄的增长,c-fos mRNA在心肌组织的表达增多9。抑制c-fos mRNA表达,可以抑制心肌细胞的肥大10c-myc不仅影响心肌细胞的重构,还参与细胞间质的重构。Starksen11在实验中结扎大鼠主动脉和腹主动脉,在肥大心肌细胞中检测到c-myc的表达,Jackson8也有相似发现。

      祖国医学中无高血压左心室肥厚病名,根据临床表现,当属心悸胸痹眩晕等范畴。发病虽涉及心、肝、胆、脾、肾和气、痰、火等方面,但血瘀、阳亢、痰浊为大多患者的共同表现12。活血潜阳方(又名丹蛭降压方)由丹参、水蛭、钩藤、石决明等组成,具有活血化瘀、平肝潜阳和祛痰浊的作用。丹参为活血养血之良药;水蛭可破血逐瘀,加强丹参的活血化瘀之功;石决明能平肝潜阳、清肝明目;钩藤有熄风止痉、清热平肝功效,配石决明,共显平肝潜阳之效。佐以滋水涵木、健脾祛痰之药,共奏活血化瘀、平肝潜阳、祛痰湿之效。

      由于高血压LVH不单纯是压力负荷的作用,所以改善和预防高血压LVH也不仅仅依赖降压治疗。我们用活血潜阳方,在临床研究中已发现虽然降压效果不强,却有改善左心室肥厚的作用5。既往实验发现,该方有改善SHR左心室肥厚的作用13。本实验发现,24周龄的SHR肥厚左室心肌原癌基因c-fosc-myc mRNA及蛋白的表达均明显增强,活血潜阳方可以降低c-fos mRNA的表达,但其蛋白的表达虽有下降趋势,却未见统计学差异;活血潜阳方既可降低c-myc mRNA的表达,又可降低其蛋白表达。所以,我们认为对原癌基因c-myc表达的影响,是活血潜阳方改善高血压LVH的机制之一;而对c-fos的影响是否为活血潜阳方治疗左心室肥厚的作用机制尚不能确定。结合既往实验5, 13结果,我们认为活血潜阳方改善高血压左心室肥厚的作用可能主要通过非压力负荷途径实现。

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References
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