En tránsito hacia la adultez: eventos en el curso de vida de los jóvenes en México

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo explorar la transición de la juventud a la edad adulta en México. Para ello, analizamos el calendario y la intensidad de los eventos característicos de esta transición: salida de la escuela, primer empleo, salida del hogar paterno, primera unión y primer hijo nacido vivo. Asimismo, buscamos las interrelaciones entre estos eventos y nos enfocamos en los factores que puedan acelerar o retardar su ocurrencia. Con base en la Encuesta Nacional de la Juventud 2000, los resultados de este trabajo revelan que la transición de la juventud a la edad adulta en México no necesariamente sigue la secuencia normativa con la cual ha sido definida. Los jóvenes mexicanos no concluyen sus estudios antes de empezar a trabajar; más bien, la primera transición que realizan es la incorporación al mercado de trabajo. Igualmente, aunque la mayoría deja la casa paterna para casarse o unirse, algunos ya casados y con hijos todavía residen con sus padres. Encontramos también importantes disparidades entre sexos y entre localidades de residencia no sólo en la edad a la ocurrencia de los eventos, sino también en el lapso que les toma a los jóvenes transitar hacia la adultez. Finalmente, mediante la aplicación de modelos de análisis de historia de eventos, encontramos que vivir en un ambiente restrictivo acelera la ocurrencia de los cinco eventos; por el contrario, la comunicación con los padres y una mejor situación económica retrasan su ocurrencia.

The fundamental thrust of this paper is to explore the transition from youth to adulthood in Mexico. To this end, the authors analyze the calendar and intensity of the characteristic events of this transition: leaving school, first job, leaving the parental home, first union and first live-born child. They also explore the interrelations between these events and focus on the factors that may accelerate or delay their occurrence. On the basis of the National Youth Survey 2000, the results of this article show that the transition from youth to adulthood in Mexico does not necessarily follow the normative sequence on the basis of which it has been defined. Young Mexicans do not finish their studies before starting work; instead, their first transition entails entering the job market. Likewise, although the majority leave the parental home to marry or to live with someone, some still live with their parents even though they are married and have children. There are also significant differences between the sexes and places of residence, not only as regards the age at which events occur but also in the time it takes young people to make the transition to adulthood. Finally, through the application of models for analyzing the history of events, the authors found that living in a restrictive environment accelerates the occurrence of these five events. Conversely, communication with one’s parents and a better financial situation delay their occurrence.

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Resumen

Inglés The fundamental thrust of this paper is to explore the transition from youth to adulthood in Mexico. To this end, the authors analyze the calendar and intensity of the characteristic events of this transition: leaving school, first job, leaving the parental home, first union and first live-born child. They also explore the interrelations between these events and focus on the factors that may accelerate or delay their occurrence. On the basis of the National Youth Survey 2000, the results of this article show that the transition from youth to adulthood in Mexico does not necessarily follow the normative sequence on the basis of which it has been defined. Young Mexicans do not finish their studies before starting work; instead, their first transition entails entering the job market. Likewise, although the majority leave the parental home to marry or to live with someone, some still live with their parents even though they are married and have children. There are also significant differences between the sexes and places of residence, not only as regards the age at which events occur but also in the time it takes young people to make the transition to adulthood. Finally, through the application of models for analyzing the history of events, the authors found that living in a restrictive environment accelerates the occurrence of these five events. Conversely, communication with one’s parents and a better financial situation delay their occurrence.

Español Este trabajo tiene como objetivo explorar la transición de la juventud a la edad adulta en México. Para ello, analizamos el calendario y la intensidad de los eventos característicos de esta transición: salida de la escuela, primer empleo, salida del hogar paterno, primera unión y primer hijo nacido vivo. Asimismo, buscamos las interrelaciones entre estos eventos y nos enfocamos en los factores que puedan acelerar o retardar su ocurrencia. Con base en la Encuesta Nacional de la Juventud 2000, los resultados de este trabajo revelan que la transición de la juventud a la edad adulta en México no necesariamente sigue la secuencia normativa con la cual ha sido definida. Los jóvenes mexicanos no concluyen sus estudios antes de empezar a trabajar; más bien, la primera transición que realizan es la incorporación al mercado de trabajo. Igualmente, aunque la mayoría deja la casa paterna para casarse o unirse, algunos ya casados y con hijos todavía residen con sus padres. Encontramos también importantes disparidades entre sexos y entre localidades de residencia no sólo en la edad a la ocurrencia de los eventos, sino también en el lapso que les toma a los jóvenes transitar hacia la adultez. Finalmente, mediante la aplicación de modelos de análisis de historia de eventos, encontramos que vivir en un ambiente restrictivo acelera la ocurrencia de los cinco eventos; por el contrario, la comunicación con los padres y una mejor situación económica retrasan su ocurrencia.

Inglés The fundamental thrust of this paper is to explore the transition from youth to adulthood in Mexico. To this end, the authors analyze the calendar and intensity of the characteristic events of this transition: leaving school, first job, leaving the parental home, first union and first live-born child. They also explore the interrelations between these events and focus on the factors that may accelerate or delay their occurrence. On the basis of the National Youth Survey 2000, the results of this article show that the transition from youth to adulthood in Mexico does not necessarily follow the normative sequence on the basis of which it has been defined. Young Mexicans do not finish their studies before starting work; instead, their first transition entails entering the job market. Likewise, although the majority leave the parental home to marry or to live with someone, some still live with their parents even though they are married and have children. There are also significant differences between the sexes and places of residence, not only as regards the age at which events occur but also in the time it takes young people to make the transition to adulthood. Finally, through the application of models for analyzing the history of events, the authors found that living in a restrictive environment accelerates the occurrence of these five events. Conversely, communication with one¿s parents and a better financial situation delay their occurrence.