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Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine Free Full Text
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Original Clinical Research
Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine: Volume 2   March, 2004   Number 2

DOI: 10.3736/jcim20040207
Effects of granules for nourishing kidney and strengthening brain on main symptoms of kidney-yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and hemorrheological characteristics of brain atrophy
1. ZHOU Shen (Hunan Provincial Academy of Trditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Changsha, Hunan Province 410006, China E-mail: zsyyy@21.cn.com)
2. YANG Wei-Hua (Hunan Provincial Academy of Trditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Changsha, Hunan Province 410006, China )
3. LI You-Sheng (Hunan Provincial Academy of Trditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Changsha, Hunan Province 410006, China )
4. LIU Fang (Hunan Provincial Academy of Trditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Changsha, Hunan Province 410006, China )
5. WU Da-Hua (Hunan Provincial Academy of Trditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Changsha, Hunan Province 410006, China )
6. YANG Li (Hunan Provincial Academy of Trditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Changsha, Hunan Province 410006, China )
Objective: To explore the influence of granules for nourishing kidney and strengthening brain (GNKSB) on main symptoms of kidney-yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and the hemorrheological characteristics of brain atrophy patients.
 
Methods: Ninety patients of brain atrophy with kidney-yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into two groups. Sixty cases in treatment group were treated with GNKSB, and the 30 cases in control group were treated with piracetam for 8 weeks.
 
Results: The effective rate of treatment group was 73.3%, with significant difference as compared with 46.6% of the control group (P<0.01). The scores of symptom-assessment of the two groups were also significantly different (P<0.01). The mini-mental state examination of treatment group was obviously improved, and was significantly different as compared with the control group (P<0.01). The scores of Hasegawa's dementia scale and activities of daily living were increased, but without significant difference as compared with the control group. The platelet aggregation rate was improved, with significant difference as compared with the control group (P<0.05). The whole blood viscosity was also improved obviously, but without significant difference as compared with the control group.

Conclusion: GNKSB is effective for kidney-yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome of brain atrophy patients and can improve their mental state and the hemorrheological indexes.

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J Chin Integr Med, 2004, 2(2): 100-102
 
作者简介: 周 慎(1952-),男,硕士,主任医师. E-mail: zsyyy@21.cn.com
 
Correspondence to: Prof. ZHOU Shen.

基金项目:湖南省卫生厅基金资助重点项目(No. 96007,98015)

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      我们于1997年1月~2002年10月用滋肾健脑中药所组成的益肾健脑颗粒剂治疗脑萎缩之肾阴虚血瘀证患者60例,并与吡拉西坦胶囊治疗组30例进行了随机对照,现总结报道如下。

 
   

1 资料与方法
1.1  诊断标准
  参照《实用中医脑病学》[1]及中华人民共和国卫生部《中药新药临床研究指导原则》(1995)中肾阴虚证、血瘀证的指导原则制定。
1.1.1  脑萎缩诊断标准  (1)50岁以上,有高血压、冠心病、中风偏瘫、糖尿病、共济失调等病史;(2)起病缓慢,病程逾数年甚至十余年;(3)以性格、行为、智能减退为主症;(4)CT见脑萎缩与变性。
1.1.2  肾阴虚血瘀证诊断标准  (1)主症:腰膝酸痛,五心烦热,口唇紫暗,舌质红或舌质紫暗或有瘀斑,脉细数或细涩;(2)次症:头部刺痛,痛处固定,头晕,行走不稳,肢体麻木,健忘,耳鸣,耳聋,盗汗,口干咽燥,大便秘结。具备主症2项,次症2项。
1.2  一般资料  共观察符合标准者90例,按2∶1随机分为治疗组与对照组。治疗组60例,男性42例,女性18例;年龄50~78岁,平均(62.10±6.53)岁;病程8个月~7.5年,平均(46.70±26.07)月。既往病史:高血压病者33例,冠心病18例,中风偏瘫33例,糖尿病12例,高脂血症31例;治疗前主症记分值13.41±2.38。对照组30例,男性23例,女性7例;年龄52~77岁,平均(62.83±7.61)岁;病程4个月~7年,平均(43.86±24.36)月。既往病史:高血压病者19例,冠心病11例,中风偏瘫12例,糖尿病9例,高脂血症15例;治疗前主症记分值13.36±2.39。两组间治疗前一般情况比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),表明具有可比性。
1.3  治疗方法  治疗组用益肾健脑颗粒剂(由制首乌、桑椹、枸杞子、五味子、丹参、葛根、红花、石菖蒲、郁金、远志、全蝎、山楂等药物组成,每包含生药15 g,湖南省中医药研究院制剂研究室提供),1包/次,3次/d,沸水冲服;对照组用吡拉西坦片,800 mg/次,3次/d,温开水送服。均以4周为1个疗程,连续观察2个疗程。观察前2周开始不得服用以上述观察病证为主要适应症的中西药物及采用针对上述病证的其他治疗方法。
1.4  疗效标准
1.4.1  脑萎缩疗效判定标准  参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》(1995)中关于治疗痴呆的有关标准制定。(1)临床控制:主要症状基本恢复正常,智能状态正常,定向健全,回答问题正确,生活自理,能恢复一般社会活动,CT扫描示脑萎缩状态稳定或有改善;(2)显效:主要症状大部分恢复正常,智能状态基本正常,定向基本健全,回答问题基本正确,反应一般,生活可自理,CT扫描示脑萎缩状态稳定或有改善;(3)有效:主要精神状态有所减轻或部分消失,智能状态明显改善,生活基本自理,回答问题基本正确,但反应仍迟钝,智力与人格仍有障碍,CT扫描示脑萎缩稳定;(4)无效:主要症状及智能状态无改善,甚至继续发展,CT扫描示脑萎缩加重。
1.4.2  肾阴虚血瘀证疗效判定标准  病证主症按无、轻、中、重4级分别记0、1、2、3分。疗效百分数=(治疗前积分-治疗后积分)/治疗前积分×100%。(1)显效:疗效百分数≥66%;(2)有效:疗效百分数≥33%而<66%;(3)无效:疗效百分数<33%。

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2    结 果
2.1   疗效观察  治疗2个疗程后进行疗效评价。脑萎缩疗效:治疗组临床控制14例,显效25例,有效13例,无效8例,总有效率86.6 %;对照组临床控制4例,显效6例,有效12例,无效8例,总有效率73.3 %,组间比较有统计学意义( P<0.05)。肾阴虚血瘀证疗效:治疗组显效1例,有效35例,无效24例,总有效率60.0 %;对照组显效0例,有效5例,无效25例,总有效率16.7 %,组间比较亦有统计学意义( P<0.01)。
2.2   证候主症记分值变化  治疗组治疗前13.41±2.38,治疗后6.85±2.07;对照组治疗前13.36±2.39,治疗后9.06±1.94。两组前后自身比较均有统计学意义( P<0.01),且治疗后组间比较亦有统计学意义( P<0.01)。
2.3   两组智能量表及日常生活能力量表检查的比较  选用中文版简易智能状态检查(mini-mental state examination, MMSE)、长谷川痴呆量表(Hasegawa's dementia scale, HDS)和日常生活能力量表(activities of daily living, ADL) [2]。两组治疗前后自身比较均有统计学意义( P<0.01),组间比较MMSE表积分有统计学意义( P<0.01),其余均无统计学意义( P>0.05)。结果见表1。
 
表1  两组MMSE、HDS和ADL检查结果比较
Tab 1  Results of MMSE, HDS and ADL in 2 groups

                                                                                                                                                        (Scores)
           Group
n
MMSE
HDS
ADL
Treatment group
 
 
 
 
     Before treatment
60
20.61±7.11
18.70±7.04
23.65±7.55
     After treatment
60
25.90±4.03**△△
25.22±5.44**
20.48±5.75**
Control group
 
 
 
 
     Before treatment
30
18.93±5.90
20.25±6.88
21.06±6.04
     After treatment
30
21.96±4.91**
24.98±5.49**
19.33±5.20**
** P<0.01, vs before treatment; △△ P<0.01, vs control group
 
2.4  两组血流变指标比较  治疗组40例,对照组20例进行了血流变检查,结果两组全血黏度高切与血小板聚集率均有明显改善( P<0.05),其中全血黏度高切两组相当,血小板聚集率的改善治疗组作用较强。治疗组全血黏度低切也有改善作用,但与对照组无明显差异。见表2。
 
表2  两组血流变指标的比较
Tab 2  Hemorrheological indexes tested in 2 groups

                                                                                                                                                      ( `x ±s )
Group
n
Whole blood viscosity (mPa·s)
Platelet aggregation rate (%)
At high shear rate
At low shear rate
Treatment group
  Before treatment
40
5.41±0.72
12.27±1.80
57.80±15.71
  After treatment
40
4.51±0.50*
10.07±2.02*
48.50±14.56*
Control group
  Before treatment
20
5.39±0.37
13.41±3.33
59.37±5.59
  After treatment
20
4.31±0.66*
10.95±2.87
57.25±5.75*
* P<0.05, vs before treatment; P<0.05, vs control group

2.5  不良反应  在治疗过程中未出现明显不良反应,对心率、体重及血常规、粪常规、尿常规、肝功能、肾功能、心电图均无明显影响。
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3   讨 论
     脑萎缩属于中医虚劳、脑萎、健忘、呆病等病证范畴,以脑组织萎缩及眩晕、健忘、痴呆、足痿为主要临床表现,并有发病于老年人、症状缓慢加重等特点,是目前较为常见的难治性疾病。根据其临床特点分析,我们认为其发病与虚、瘀、痰、风有关,早期以肾虚血瘀为基本病机,晚期则多有痰湿、内风之变。滋肾健脑药物所组成的益肾健脑颗粒剂处方来源于湖南省名老中医刘祖贻研究员的经验方,由制首乌、桑椹、枸杞子、五味子、丹参、葛根、红花、石菖蒲、郁金、远志、全蝎、山楂等药物组成。方中首乌、桑椹、枸杞子滋补肝肾;五味子滋肾健脑、宁心安神;丹参、葛根、红花活血化瘀通络;石菖蒲、郁金、远志开窍醒神;全蝎熄风通络;山楂健脾开胃。诸药配合,共奏滋补肝肾、安神健脑、活血通络之效。临床观察表明,治疗组脑萎缩和肾阴虚血瘀证的总有效率均明显高于对照组,并能明显改善患者主症和智能状态,提高其日常生活能力,对全血黏度高切、低切及血小板聚集均有改善作用。提示由滋肾活血药物组成的益肾健脑颗粒剂对脑萎缩肾阴虚血瘀证有较好疗效,对脑萎缩患者的血流变亦有较好的改善作用。

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References
1. 中国中医研究院广安门医院. 实用中医脑病学[M]. 第1版. 北京: 学苑出版社, 1993. 791-794.
2. 张明园. 精神科评定量表手册[M]. 第1版. 长沙: 湖南科学技术出版社, 1998. 166-188.
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