It is the cache of ${baseHref}. It is a snapshot of the page. The current page could have changed in the meantime.
Tip: To quickly find your search term on this page, press Ctrl+F or ⌘-F (Mac) and use the find bar.

Intraventricular ganglioglioma with bleed: A rare case report Bhat DI, Mahadevan A, Manish R, Sampath S, Chandramouli B A, Shankar S K Neurol India
Neurology India
Open access journal indexed with Index Medicus
  Users online: 597  
 Home | Login 
  About Current Issue Archive Ahead of print Search Instructions Online Submission Subscribe Etcetera Contact  
  Navigate Here 
 Search
 
  » Next article
  » Previous article 
  » Table of Contents
  
 Resource Links
  »  Similar in PUBMED
 »  Search Pubmed for
 »  Search in Google Scholar for
 »Related articles
  »  Article in PDF (3,841 KB)
  »  Citation Manager
  »  Access Statistics
  »  Reader Comments
  »  Email Alert *
  »  Add to My List *
* Registration required (free)  

 
  In this Article
 »  Abstract
 »  Introduction
 »  Case Report
 »  Discussion
 »  References
 »  Article Figures

 Article Access Statistics
    Viewed 1182    
    Printed 103    
    Emailed 2    
    PDF Downloaded 70    
    Comments  [Add]    
    Cited by others  7    

Recommend this journal

 


 
CASE REPORT
Year : 2010  |  Volume : 58  |  Issue : 3  |  Page : 477-480

Intraventricular ganglioglioma with bleed: A rare case report


1 Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore - 560 029, India
2 Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore - 560 029, India

Date of Acceptance 08-Jun-2010
Date of Web Publication 17-Jul-2010

Correspondence Address:
Dhananjaya I Bhat
Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore 560 029
India
Login to access the Email id


DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.65924

PMID: 20644285

Get Permissions

 » Abstract  

Gangliogliomas are benign lesions that are predominantly temporal in location and present with chronic epilepsy. Intraventricular gangliogliomas are extremely rare and still rarer is intratumoral hemorrhage. Till date only 9 cases of lateral ventricular gangliogliomas have been reported. To the best of our knowledge only 1 case of intratumoral hemorrhage has been reported. We report a rare case of lateral ventricular ganglioglioma with intratumoral hemorrhage in a 27-year-old man.


Keywords: Angioma, ganglioglioma, hemorrhage, intraventricular, synaptophysin


How to cite this article:
Bhat DI, Mahadevan A, Manish R, Sampath S, Chandramouli B A, Shankar S K. Intraventricular ganglioglioma with bleed: A rare case report. Neurol India 2010;58:477-80

How to cite this URL:
Bhat DI, Mahadevan A, Manish R, Sampath S, Chandramouli B A, Shankar S K. Intraventricular ganglioglioma with bleed: A rare case report. Neurol India [serial online] 2010 [cited 2014 Mar 5];58:477-80. Available from: http://www.neurologyindia.com/text.asp?2010/58/3/477/65924



 » Introduction   Top


Gangliogliomas are benign lesions that are predominantly temporal in location and present with often intractable seizures. Intraventricular location mimicking central neurocytoma is very rare. Only 9 cases have been reported in the literature till 2009. [1] We report here, a rare case of lateral ventricular ganglioglioma with intratumoral hemorrhage.


 » Case Report   Top


A 27-year-old man presented with a history of rapidly progressing severe headache with vomiting of 20 days duration, associated with blurring of vision and decreased recent memory of 15 days. Neurologic examination revealed papilledema and bilateral sixth nerve palsy. Cranial imaging, both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), showed an intraventricular lesion arising from the septum occupying the body of both the lateral ventricles causing obstructive hydrocephalus. The mass was predominantly hyperdense on plain CT scan [Figure 1]. On MRI image, the lesion was heterointense with multiple small cysts, iso- to hypointense on T1-weighted images with areas of hypo- and hyperintensities on T2-weighted images suggestive of a lesion with subacute bleed [Figure 2]a and b. He underwent an interhemispheric transcallosal approach and total excision of the lesion [Figure 3]. The lesion was hemorrhagic, firm, grayish, and attached to the septum. Histopathology examination of the resected mass showed a tumor with large focus of central hemorrhage walled in by tumor tissue of low cellularity with biphasic loose and compact glial zones [Figure 4]a. The central hemorrhagic zone was bordered by a leash of telangiectatic vessels along the periphery resembling an angioma [Figure 4]b. Calcification and ferrugination of small vessels were seen along the fibrous capsule of the hematoma [Figure 4]c, reflecting the chronic nature of the lesion. The tumor cells had round to elongate bare vesicular nuclei dispersed in a fibrillary background with several eosinophilic granular bodies [Figure 4]d. The cells showed biphenotypic differentiation with several cells expressing glial fibrillary acid protein within the cytoplasm and fibrillary processes [Figure 4]e, whereas others revealed a nuclear and cytoplasmic expression for the neuronal marker, Neu N [Figure 4]f. In addition, scattered large uni- or binucleate ganglionic cells with eccentric nuclei and prominent nucleoli [Figure 4]g that revealed aberrant membrane localization of synaptophysin were seen [Figure 4]h. These ganglionic cells showed dystrophic intracytoplasmic accumulation of the phosporylated neurofilament [Figure 4]i. The mitotic activity was very low (MIB-1 labeling index of 1%). The features were characteristic of a ganglioglioma with angiomatous component causing intratumoral hemorrhage.

Postoperatively, the patient had a wound bulge and became progressively drowsy. Repeat CT scan showed ventriculomegaly for which a right ventriculoperitoneal shunt was done. Following surgery, he had improvement in sensorium and at discharge from the hospital, he was conscious, and alert with improvement in recent memory. He was not subjected to any adjuvant therapy, as the tumor had been totally excised.


 » Discussion   Top


Gangliogliomas are rare central nervous system tumors and account for approximately 2% of all the brain tumors. They are composed of dysplastic neuronal and neoplastic glial components. Most of the patients present in the first 3 decades of life with chronic epilepsy. Although the most frequent intracranial location is the temporal lobe, other locations in order of frequency include frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes, and rarely in the brain stem, optic chiasm, pineal region, and spinal cord. [2] A lateral ventricular location, however, is extremely rare and the first case report was by Majos and colleagues in 1998. [3] Till 2009, only 9 cases of lateral ventricular ganglioglioma have been described. [1] Neuroimaging of ganglioglioma shows a solid (43-50%), cystic (5%), or solid-cystic (32-52%) mass lesion typically located in the periphery of cerebral hemispheres. On an average about half of these tumors have cysts, calcifications, and enhancement, but hemorrhage is rare and has been reported only once. [2],[4] Interestingly, our patient had large areas of bleed, identified on imaging as well as on histopathology.

Grossly gangliogliomas are solid grayish, firm, and granular or cystic with an admixture of glial cells and neurons. The ganglion cells are recognized by their large size, bizarre shape, vesicular nuclei, and prominent nucleoli with positive staining for synaptophysin or neurofilament protein. The neoplastic glial cells may be either astrocytic or oligodendrocytic that dictate the grading and biologic behavior of the tumor. These tumors are most often Grade I, malignant transformation with mitotic activity, and necrosis being rare. [2] In the present case, numerous telangiectatic vessels resembling an angioma were seen bordering the hematoma, which might be responsible for the intratumoral hemorrhage. In intraventricular locations, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas are commonly associated with hemorrhage from the angiomatous component that often accompanies the tumor. Although an angiomatous component was identifiable, characteristic giant cells with variable glial and neuronal expression as seen in subependymal giant cell astrocytoma were not seen in our case. Furthermore, eosinophilic granular bodies accompanying the pilocytic astrocytoma component of the tumor is not a feature of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas.

The role of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for these benign tumors is controversial and usually reserved for those with disease progression, malignant lesions, or for recurrences that are not amenable for surgery. [4]

 
 » References   Top

1. Samdani AF, Torre-Healy A, Khalessi A, McGirt M, Jallo GI, Carson B. Intraventricular ganglioglioma: a short illustrated review. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2009;151:635-40.  Back to cited text no. 1  [PUBMED]  [FULLTEXT]  
2. Becker AJ, Wiestler OD, Branger F, Blumcke I. Ganglioglioma and Gangliocytoma. In: Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, editors. WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System. 4 th ed. France: IARC; 2007. p. 103-5.  Back to cited text no. 2      
3. Majos C, Aguilera C, Ferrer I, Lopez L, Pons LC. Intraventricular ganglioglioma: Case report. Neuroradiology 1998;40:377-9.  Back to cited text no. 3      
4. Im SH, Chung CK, Cho BK, Wang KC, Yu IK, Song IC, et al. Intracranial ganglioglioma: Preoperative characteristics and oncologic outcome after surgery. J Neurooncol 2002;59:173 -83.  Back to cited text no. 4  [PUBMED]  [FULLTEXT]  


    Figures

  [Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4]

This article has been cited by
1 Intraventricular ganglioglioma prognosis and hydrocephalus: The largest case series and systematic literature review
Deling, L. and Nan, J. and Yongji, T. and Shuqing, Y. and Zhixian, G. and Jisheng, W. and Liwei, Z.
Acta Neurochirurgica. 2013; 155(7): 1253-1260
[Pubmed]
2 Occult pigmented ganglioglioma in an adult male with chronic posttraumatic epilepsy
Plowey, E.D. and Vogel, H. and Salmi, D. and Shuer, L.M.
Clinical Neuropathology. 2013; 32(3): 192-195
[Pubmed]
3 Intraventricular ganglioglioma prognosis and hydrocephalus: The largest case series and systematic literature review
Li Deling,Ji Nan,Tian Yongji,Yu Shuqing,Gao Zhixian,Wang Jisheng,Zhang Liwei
Acta Neurochirurgica. 2013; 155(7): 1253
[Pubmed]
4 Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging
S. S. Baldawa,K. Bele,G. Menon,C. V. George,M. Abraham,S. Nair
Clinical Neuroradiology. 2012; 22(3): 257
[Pubmed]
5 Susceptibility-weighted imaging: A new tool for detection of intratumoral bleeding and subarachnoid hemorrhage-report of two cases
Baldawa, S.S. and Bele, K. and Menon, G. and George, C.V. and Abraham, M. and Nair, S.
Clinical Neuroradiology. 2012; 22(3): 257-261
[Pubmed]
6 Rare tumors of the lateral ventricle. Review of the literature [Les tumeurs rares du ventricule latéral. Revue de la littérature]
Peltier, J. and Capel, C. and Nicot, B. and Baroncini, M. and Fichten, A. and Toussaint, P. and Desenclos, C. and Lefranc, M. and Le Gars, D. and Lejeune, J.-P.
Neurochirurgie. 2011; 57(4-6): 225-229
[Pubmed]
7 Les tumeurs rares du ventricule latéral. Revue de la littérature
J. Peltier,C. Capel,B. Nicot,M. Baroncini,A. Fichten,P. Toussaint,C. Desenclos,M. Lefranc,D. Le Gars,J.-P. Lejeune
Neurochirurgie. 2011; 57(4-6): 225
[Pubmed]



 

Top
Print this article  Email this article
Previous article Next article
Online since 20th March '04
Published by Medknow