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Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine Free Full Text
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Original Experimental Research
Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine: Volume 3   July, 2005   Number 4

DOI: 10.3736/jcim20050415
Effects of Anxin Granules on blood lipid and ultrastructure of aorta in rabbits with dyslipidemia
1. FANG Xian-Ming (Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Ruikang Hospital, Guangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province 530011, China E-mail: fxm621@126.com)
2. YUAN Ying (Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Ruikang Hospital, Guangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province 530011, China )
3. WU Yun-Hong (Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Ruikang Hospital, Guangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province 530011, China )
4. YIN Xue-Man (Department of Pathology, Ruikang Hospital, Guangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province 530011, China )

Objective: To study the effects of Anxin Granules on dyslipidemia in rabbits caused by high fat plus high cholesterol diet.

Methods: Thirty-two healthy New Zealand male white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, untreated group, Zhibituo Tablet-treated group and Anxin Granule-treated group. Rabbits in the normal control group were fed with regular chow, while rabbits in the other three groups were fed with high fat plus high cholesterol diet. Zhibituo Tablets and Anxin Granules were administered to the rabbits in Zhibituo Tablet-treated group and Anxin Granule-treated group at a daily oral dose respectively. At the end of the 10th week, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were tested in each group, and the ultrastructures of the aorta were also observed by an electron microscope.

Results: Anxin Granules could reduce the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and ApoB. The results observed by electron microscope showed that, as compared with the untreated group and the Zhibituo Tablet-treated group, the atherosclerosis of aorta in the Anxin Granule-treated group was lighter. And it was found that there were few lipid droplet vacuoles in cytoplasm of the endothelial cells, and various cell organs and elastic membrane were existed, but no lipid droplet vacuoles in cytoplasm of the medial smooth muscle cells.

Conclusion: Anxin Granules can regulate the metabolism of blood lipid and inhibit the formation of atherosclerosis caused by hyperlipidemia in rabbits.

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J Chin Integr Med, 2005, 3(4): 299-302

Correspondence to: Prof. FANG Xian-Ming. E-mail: fxm621@126.com

作者简介: 方显明(1951-), 男, 硕士, 教授.

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     血脂紊乱是由脂质代谢紊乱引起的一种常见病症,也是动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis, AS)性心血管疾病最重要的发病因素。因此,有效地调节血脂水平,防治血脂紊乱,防止AS的发生发展,对心血管疾病的防治具有重要意义。安心颗粒是我院治疗冠心病心绞痛取得显著疗效的中药制剂[1]。为了证实该药对血脂紊乱的作用,本课题通过喂饲高脂饲料建立新西兰兔血脂紊乱模型,观察安心颗粒对血脂代谢及动脉粥样硬化病变超微结构的影响,为该药在防治冠心病中的作用提供实验依据。

 
   

1 材料与方法
1.1 实验材料
 健康雄性新西兰兔32只,体质量2~2.5 kg,4~5月龄(广西中医学院动物实验中心提供,桂医动字11003)。安心颗粒,由人参、桂枝、栝蒌皮、水蛭、茯苓等药组成,广西中医学院瑞康医院制剂室制备,每包3.5 g(含生药4.5 g/g)。脂必妥片,成都地奥九泓制药厂生产,每片0.3 g,批号20021205。
1.2 实验方法
1.2.1 模型制作 所有实验动物在实验前均以普通饲料适应性喂饲1周,在稳定其血脂水平及代谢状况后,随机分为4组,即正常对照组、模型组、脂必妥片组和安心颗粒组,每组8只,分笼饲养。正常对照组采用普通饲料喂饲,喂饲10周。其余3组采用高脂饲料喂饲法造模[2]:以1%胆固醇+15%鲜蛋黄+5%猪油+基础饲料为高脂饲料配方,将猪油加热熔化,胆固醇溶于猪油内,另将鲜蛋黄蒸熟后碾碎成粉,猪油、蛋黄粉加到普通饲料中一同搅拌均匀,共喂饲10周。脂必妥片组和安心颗粒组在喂饲高脂饲料的同时,每天分别以脂必妥片、安心颗粒灌胃1次(其中脂必妥片用量为0.156 g·kg﹣1·d﹣1,安心颗粒用量为0.231 g·kg﹣1·d﹣1,其用量按《中药药理实验方法学》中“人和动物按体表面积折算等效剂量比率表”计算[3]。饮水不限,每日每只进食100~120 g饲料。
1.2.2 血清学检查 各组实验动物分别于给药前及给药第10周末,禁食12 h,经耳缘静脉取血,分离血清,采用日立717OS型全自动生化分析仪,测定血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、甘油三酯(triglycerides, TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(apolipoprotein A1, ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(apolipoprotein B, ApoB)水平。按酶学或免疫透射比浊法进行测定。血清脂质测定试剂盒(TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C)由澳斯邦生物工程有限公司生产;ApoA1、ApoB试剂盒由上海玉兰生物有限公司提供。
1.2.3 主动脉超微结构观察 于第10周结束时将所有实验动物以气栓法处死。迅速打开胸腔,截取胸主动脉一段,将其修成1 mm×2 mm面积大小,用牙签移至盛有冷的固定液的小瓶中。经固定、脱水、浸透包埋、切片与醋酸铀、柠檬酸铅染色,将做好的切片依次放置于日产H-600型透射电子显微镜下观察、摄像,并记录观察结果。
1.3 统计学方法 所有数据均以`x±s表示,两组间比较采用t 检验。

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2 结 果
2.1 安心颗粒对血脂的影响
 造模前受试动物的血脂水平均为正常。造模10周后,与正常对照组比较,模型组血清TC、TG、LDL-C、ApoB显著升高(P <0.01),ApoA1/ApoB比值显著降低(P<0.01),表明血脂紊乱动物模型造模成功。与模型组比较,安心颗粒组血清TC、TG、LDL-C、ApoB均降低(P<0.01);脂必妥片组血清TC、TG、LDL-C低于模型组(P<0.01);安心颗粒组血清TC、LDL-C又低于脂必妥片组(P<0.01)。见表1﹑表2。

表1 各组动物造模前后TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C水平的比较
Tab 1  Levels of TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C before and after administration in 4 groups
                                                                                                                                                                  (`x±s, mmol/L)

Group
n
TC
TG
HDL-C
LDL-C
Normal control group
 
 
 
 
 
   Before administration
8
1.55±0.41
1.39±0.42
0.61±0.09
0.35±0.30
   After administration
8
1.52±0.79
0.74±0.07
0.51±0.09
0.68±0.75
Untreated group
 
 
 
 
 
   Before administration
8
1.68±0.48
1.28±0.49
0.66±0.10
0.63±0.35
   After administration
8
24.15±2.78**
2.42±1.03**
0.82±0.10
22.09±1.31**
Zhibituo Tablet group
 
 
 
 
 
   Before administration
8
1.46±0.19
1.47±0.32
0.67±0.14
0.52±0.51
   After administration
8
16.34±4.17△△
0.74±0.22△△
0.66±0.04
15.21±3.94△△
Anxin Granule group
 
 
 
 
 
   Before administration
8
1.45±0.37
1.18±0.13
0.64±0.22
0.58±0.50
   After administration
8
9.65±4.37△△▲▲
0.83±0.19△△
0.54±0.07
7.65±2.47△△▲▲

**P<0.01, vs normal control group; △△P<0.01, vs untreated group; ▲▲P<0.01, vs Zhibituo Tablet group

表2 各组动物造模前后ApoA1, ApoB, ApoA1/ApoB水平的比较
Tab 2  Levels of ApoA1, ApoB and ApoA1/ApoB before and after administration in 4 groups
                                                                                                                                (`x±s)

Group
n
ApoA1 (mmol/L)
ApoB (mmol/L)
ApoA1/ApoB
Normal control group
 
 
 
 
   Before administration
8
0.36±0.37
0.17±0.04
2.24±0.37
   After administration
8
0.37±0.11
0.19±0.03
2.06±0.75
Untreated group
 
 
 
 
   Before administration
8
0.41±0.32
0.22±0.19
2.26±0.35
   After administration
8
0.96±0.22
1.34±0.10**
0.72±0.07**
Zhibituo Tablet group
 
 
 
 
   Before administration
8
0.39±0.25
0.18±0.25
2.37±0.24
   After administration
8
0.67±0.18
1.10±0.65
0.70±0.22
Anxin Granule group
 
 
 
 
   Before administration
8
0.38±0.28
0.18±0.11
2.21±0.16
   After administration
8
0.42±0.10
0.54±0.14△△
0.80±0.15

**P<0.01, vs normal control group; △△P<0.01, vs untreated group

2.2 安心颗粒对主动脉超微结构的影响 透射电子显微镜下观察,正常对照组动物血管内皮细胞核及各细胞器存在,基底膜清晰可见,未见任何脂滴空泡(见图1A),中膜浅层肌细胞内各细胞器及微肌纤维均可见,未见脂滴空泡(见图1B)。模型组血管内皮细胞及中膜平滑肌细胞质内大量脂滴空泡,甚至形成脂囊(见图1C)。脂必妥片组动物大量脂滴沉积,平滑肌细胞质内各种细胞器明显减少,有些仅见少许线粒体及胞质细颗粒,胞质内仍可见少量肌微丝存在(见图2A)。安心颗粒组动物血管内皮细胞质内未见明显大脂滴空泡,偶见小脂滴空泡,各种细胞器存在,内弹力膜存在,中层平滑肌细胞质内无脂滴空泡,均可见细胞器及微肌丝(见图2B、C)。




图1 电镜下兔主动脉超微结构观察(一)
Fig 1  Ultrastructure of rabbit aorta observed by electron microscope (1)
A, B: Normal control group (×5000); C: Untreated group (×7500)





图2 电镜下兔主动脉超微结构观察(二)
Fig 2  Ultrastructure of rabbit aorta observed by electron microscope (2)
A: Zhibituo Tablet-treated group (×7500); B, C: Anxin Granule-treated group (×10000)

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3 讨 论
    血脂紊乱是引起动脉硬化发生的始动因素。有研究表明,血脂紊乱可明显损伤动脉内皮细胞,造成内皮脱落、超微结构损害,刺激内膜增生[4]。本研究得出的血脂水平结果表明,安心颗粒能拮抗造模后血清TC、TG、LDL-C、ApoB的增高,其拮抗TC、LDL-C增高的作用优于脂必妥片组。电镜下主动脉超微结构的观察则显示,模型组和脂必妥片组血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞大量脂质沉着,造成动脉管壁的损伤,超微结构受损。而安心颗粒组血管内皮细胞无明显脂质沉着,超微结构完整,与正常对照组相似,提示安心颗粒能调节血脂代谢,降低血脂水平,抑制血脂紊乱所致的动脉粥样硬化病变,具有防治血脂紊乱和动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的作用。
    中医认为,脂质代谢紊乱乃由脏气亏虚、气化功能失调所致。因血脂为水谷精微物质所化,参与机体的营养与代谢。若脏气亏虚,气化功能失调,不能运化输布水谷精微至周身,多余之脂质则会滞留沉积于血脉肌肉之中形成脂浊,进而影响血脉津液之运行以致痰浊、瘀血内着,终成脏气亏虚、痰瘀互结之错综复杂的病理变化。安心颗粒正是基于这一认识,采用人参、桂枝、栝蒌皮、茯苓、水蛭等具有补气、通阳、化痰、逐瘀功效的中药组成。现代药理研究证实,人参的主要药效成分为人参皂苷,而人参总皂苷能显著降低高脂饲养大鼠血中的TC、TG和丙二醛含量,保护血管内皮细胞,降低或减少动脉粥样硬化的发生[5];桂枝提取物或桂枝复方,可通过清除自由基、抗氧化而延缓或阻止血脂紊乱向动脉粥样硬化的进一步发展[6,7];水蛭能降低血脂紊乱家兔的TC、TG、LDL-C,调节血脂代谢(TG/HDL-C比值下降),促进HDL-C水平升高[8]。我们以往的研究也证实,安心颗粒能提高清除自由基酶的活性,抑制脂质过氧化反应[9],故该药防治血脂紊乱的机制,可能与其降血脂和抗氧化作用有关。通过降低血脂水平尤其是降低血清LDL-C的浓度,减少脂滴在细胞的沉积。同时,其抗脂质过氧化的作用可减轻动脉内皮细胞损害,抑制血管平滑肌的增生,从而阻止AS的形成。

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References
1. 方显明, 肖柳华, 杨建设. 益心脉颗粒治疗冠心病稳定型心绞痛30例[J]. 陕西中医, 2002, 23(12) : 1092-1093.
  
2. 徐叔云, 卞如濂, 陈修. 药理实验方法学[M]. 第3版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2002. 1202-1203.
3. 陈奇. 中药药理实验方法学[M]. 第1版. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 1993. 1103-1105.
4. Hou XM, Ni HC, Luo XP, et al. Effect of Zhenju Jiangya Tablet on the endothelial function of hyperlipidemic rabbits[J] Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao, 2004, 2(2) : 111-114.
  
5. 方云祥, 肖洲生. 人参总皂甙对高脂饲养大鼠的脂质调节作用[J]. 湖南医科大学学报, 1995, 20(5) : 425-426.
  
6. 李文雄, 曲丽芳, 冯雪梅, 等. 中药复方对实验性老年高脂血症LPO, SOD和红细胞免疫功能的影响[J]. 成都中医药大学学报, 1997, 20(3) : 48-50, 55.
  
7. 杨澄, 仇熙, 孔令东. 炮制对桂枝抗氧化作用的影响[J]. 中成药, 2001, 23(3) : 183-185.
8. 李凤文, 刘晓颖, 张立石, 等. 脉复康对高脂血症家兔血管内皮功能的影响[J]. 中国中医基础医学杂志, 2003, 9(1) : 33-36.
  
9. 方显明, 杨建设, 顾国龙, 等. 益心脉颗粒对家兔心肌缺血再灌注心肌损伤保护作用的研究[J]. 中国中医药科技, 2003, 10(2) : 78-80.
  
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